It’s good that you are asking that question. That’s critical thinking. When you read a history textbook, it all sounds so neat and tidy as if we are reading an eyewitness account. The truth is that we are relying on fragmented, often contradictory sources, and very often we only have sources that were written by the victors. You can make a guess about how unbiased their chroniclers really were.
We do know the general trends of history because various branches of science, like archaeology and anthropology, confirm that historical sites existed, battles really happened, kings were buried in crypts or cathedrals, etc. We are definitely murky on the details though and many things we think we know are probably mistaken assumptions.
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