How can hundreds and even thousands of years of history, which includes entire civilizations, discoveries and characters, so confidently be explained? Not all of it could have happened the way it’s being taught to modern society, right?
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There are many ways to know. Firstofall, writing. Humans love to do it. A lot of what we know about egypt, for example, is known because we deciphered their writing and translated their language (Which was possible mainly thanks to a stone found in Rosetta that contained the same text in 3 languages, 2 of which we already knew at the time, hence the term Rosetta Stone) and found thousands of pieces of writing detailing wars, religion, census data, harvests, pretty much everything. Humans love writing things down. Before writing was widespread though, its a lot more difficult. Often enough, eras before this are based off speculation. For example, you may find the skeleton of a person, alongside, say, a sickle. This is a good indication that the person in question was a farmer. By comparing it to other sickles, you may then be able to identify cultures, as closely related peoples would likely manufacture things in a similar way. You could also analyze the remaints you have to draw conclusions about the lifestyle of the person. Teeth, for instance, are a treasure trove. Badly rotten teeth for example indicate wealth, as the type of foods that cause your teeth to rot arent available in big amounts for most people. You could compare their height to other fossils in the region to make some conclusions about the food they ate. Generally speaking, if you eat more meat, youre taller than your more vegetarian peers. You may examine the fossil for damage to see if, per chance, the person in question shows any signs of being attacked with a weapon, which, if such is frequent for any given group of individiuals, points to armed conflict.
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