How do humans protect wild animals from entering public infrastructure like highways or train railways?
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They often do not do anything at all to prevent wildlife from crossing. This is why there are so many signs on many roads in lots of places warning about deer and moose, and occasionally other animals like ducks or turtles, perhaps. Many cars collide with wildlife, a lot. Bigger animals like moose and deer can destroy a car. Groundhogs and raccoons (or a feral cat) end up as roadkill, dead animals on the side of the road. Signs aren’t there for warning the animals, they are there to warn us humans that there might be, likely could be, animals, so pay attention.
The first level of defense is the construction of fences, which is often more done to keep people off the road/railroad than wild animals (more common to use fences in higher population regions).
In some areas, where the density of wildlife is high and the risk of collision is really high, there will be special animal overpasses or underpasses (tunnels of a sort) where the fencing funnels animals toward the crossing structure. It is a bit costly so only done where either necessary or in areas dedicated to wildlife preservation.
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