The flame from the combustion chamber does not touch metal. A great majority of air that goes into the combustion chamber is called cooling air. By the time it reaches the turbine blades it is not nearly as hot as the flame. if you see flames shooting out of the back of a jet engine, without an afterburner, it is melting.
this fellow on youtube has a bunch of great videos about turbine engines
https://www.youtube.com/@AgentJayZ/videos
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