Algorithms can compute hash keys that are unique for each file. Those are way smaller than the actual file and used for comparing the file on the server and your local file.
Like when you’re describing your car, the color, brand and number plate are enough info for others to identify it without you having to list the number of seats and wheels, engine details, fabrication date, etc. Sry that’s the best example I could come up with, I’m sure there are better ones.
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