In your ear you have something called a Cochlear in which you have tiny hairs that vibrate to sounds and then the Cochlear converts that sound into electricity, so that it’s understood by the brain.
If you listen to loud noises for too long, the hairs can bend too far and essentially stay like that forever.
You can find charts online that show how long you can listen to certain decibels of sound before hearing damage occurs. For instance you can listen to 80 decibels for 2 hours before damage to hearing occurs, but at 95 decibels it only takes an hour.
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hearing_loss/what_noises_cause_hearing_loss.html
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