ELI5 answer:
Each pointy edge on the key is made to push a little metal pin out of the way so the lock can turn.
Some locks may use different pins in different spots.
A lock with small pins in the front would need a key with small edges near the handle.
A lock with large pins in the back would need a key with large edges near the end.
A key with large edges near the end and small edges near the handle could open both locks.
(It’s actually more complex than this, but this is the idea simplified)
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