“Medically induced coma” is kind of a vague term and is not really used outside of the lay public.
Ultimately, different drugs are given that result in a person being having a decreased level of consciousness. That is the answer in a nutshell.
More specifically, the answer depends on why somebody is given sedating medication and what level of sedation they are trying to achieve.
You put somebody in very deep sedation for surgery so the brain is unaware of the painful thing that is happening.
You might put somebody in deep sedation after a severe brain injury for an entirely different reason.
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