It’s been a while since I’ve done any meteorology but I’ll try my best here. The biggest indicator for a possibility of a thunderstorm rather than just some rain is the energy in the atmosphere combined with some instability. The energy part is based on temperatures and humidity. The instability is caused by a change in weather systems like a cold hot air mass coming in contact with a cold air mass. Once a certain number of conditions are met they are somewhat confident there will be a thunderstorm.
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