Songwriting and recording is a multi-stage process. It’s not uncommon for a professional musician to have recorded some incomplete songs that just need some studio polish to be ready for an album.
Similarly, famous singers who have backup instrumentation that isn’t a consistent band (think pop stars – there are other instruments, but it isn’t like a traditional rock band where every member is part of the whole, even if one member is the “frontman”) will record vocal tracks solo in a home studio while working on it. In a lot of cases these are good enough in quality to have a band put music behind it and be commercially viable, and unfortunately due to the nature of how artists’ deaths are handled, a lot of time a song that probably *wouldn’t* work when the artist was alive might go platinum on a memorial album of unreleased tracks.
Some artists also write and record a lot more than they put out. I remember hearing a story from Kevin Smith about Prince where he recorded a documentary for Prince that never saw the light of day, and it was revealed to him that Prince basically had an entire “vault” of unreleased songs, films, and other projects that for whatever reason weren’t up to his standards while he was alive. Depending on how his surviving family chose to handle that, some of that may have been published after his death.
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