For example, Arnold Schwarzenegger served as governor of California despite not holding any office before. How did he prepare for this, and when?
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They have support.
a) Friends and supporters.
b) Party. Nearly every elected politician has involvement with a party. These political parties have position papers, advisors, consultants. The elected politician probably has quite a lot of experience within the party.
c) Paid consultants. The person can hire consultants to advise them.
d) Civil service. Most governments have a civil service. These are typically people who are employed by the government to administer services. Senior members of civil service are usually experienced.
e) Their own experiences. Nearly all have prior experience in both public and private sector roles. It is very unusual for anyone under the age of 35 to be elected. The median age is probably over 40 for elected officials and for US governors, probably 50 or more. For the most part, they have decades of some kind of work experience.
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