Answer: You’re asking two different questions, cheat codes are things that are intentionally included in the game and officially released.
Hack and secrets, are found and exploited by reverse engineering the game code, ie by converting the game into the code it was written in before it was shipped, a process called decompiling. This allows the person to read the original code and figure out how the game mechanics work, also sniff around for unused assets that hint to secrets or possibly future mechanics that may get activated in a future DLC.
Glitches and bugs are found usually by brute force.
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