How do pilots calculate their rate of descent so that they’re at ground level when the reach the runway?
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Pilots learn and practice the combination of airspeed and descent that will get them to the ground at the right time. Some runways have sets of lights running along an edge of the runway. If you’re on the right glide path, you’ll see red & white lights. If you’re low, you’ll see more red than white. Too high and you’ll see more white than red. And if the plane has an autopilot capable of landing it & conditions are nice, the pilot doesn’t have to do much at all.
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