For example in hydroponics, the plant root has only water… where does it get the extra matter it needs to make more plant cells so it can grow? How does water turn to plant?
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I’ll go a bit deeper. There are 2 parts of photosynthesis, the part that needs light and the part that doesn’t…cleverly named the light and dark reactions. In the light reaction, light energy is used to break apart water and excite some electrons. The electrons go through a number of proteins and turn NADP+ to NADPH. The hydrogen we got from water goes through ATP synthase to turn ADP to ATP. Thats how we get oxygen as waste, the plant only wanted the hydrogen ion for the process. In the dark reaction, that NADPH and ATP is used to fix CO2 and turn it into a sugar intermediate, G3P. For every 3 CO2s we get 1 G3P, and 2 G3P combine to make 1 glucose, which is either used in cellular respiration, stored as starch, or turned into cellulose for growth.
So the water is just used for the hydrogen ions. But they also need that light and CO2.
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