For example in hydroponics, the plant root has only water… where does it get the extra matter it needs to make more plant cells so it can grow? How does water turn to plant?
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It is not just water but also carbon dioxide. Plants absorb light using chlorophyll, this is why they are green. The energy they get from this is used to take the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide and the hydrogen atoms from the water to make sugars and fats. The remaining oxygen atoms are combined to make oxygen molecules which they release into the atmosphere. They also get nitrates made by nitrogen fixating bacteria in the ground. These nitrates are combined with the sugars to make amino acids which is the building blocks of proteins. So a plant is able to get everything it needs from the soil, the air and the sun.
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