I understand the concept of transistors and electricity flipping them to an on/off state. What I do not understand is how these transistors work. Do they physically move? How is it decided where the electricity goes? I do not understand how the power is controlled, and how it is decided what transistors activate and when
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A transistor is a special kind of semiconductor with three connections to other parts of a circuit, an input, a middle bit called the base, and an output. Formally they are called the collector, base, and emitter.
If you have a voltage applied to the input, nothing happens to your output unless you also apply a small voltage to the base. Once you do that, the full voltage from your input can flow through to the output.
So if you control the voltage going through the base, you can control the voltage going through the entire rest of the circuit. No moving parts, (other than the electricity) it’s all solid electronics.
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