By either blocking the light that is being emitted (in the case of a projector or LCD screen), or by not emitting light from that pixel at all (as is the case for OLED screens).
How close this gets to a true black will vary by screen and ambient conditions. In the case of projectors in particular, they project onto a white or grey screen, and the underlying pixel cannot be any darker than when the projector is off, which is why they need darkened rooms to be particularly effective.
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