If you are asking about single transmitters, some types of radio waves have trouble piercing the atmosphere and “bounce” off. This allows stations over-the-horizon and out of line-of-sight to pick up the signal.
You’re right that there are more complicated network methods to reliably get a signal to distant places. The signal can be picked up and re-broadcast (at the same or different power). The signal can be picked up, uplinked to a satellite, transmitted from satellite-to-satellite and then either re-broadcast by the final satellite or downlinked to a terrestrial station for broadcast. The signal can be picked up, transmitted by undersea cables and re-broadcast. Lots of network solutions are possible.
Latest Answers