Not sure about all areas but in Canada terminals can be in Pre-authorization mode or final mode.
Pre-authorization usually goes for more than the total. So if $100 charged the terminal just asks the bank “is this card good for $120” and gets a yes or no. The amount is not posted until it is finalized. It can be changed before posting.
Most restaurants and gas stations use this mode. There is also a final mode that most other stores use and the amount cannot be changed.
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