How do search engines know what websites are out there?
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The short and simple answer is that they create an index just like the one in the back of your textbook.
When you go to the index in your textbook you can look for a specific word, topic, or thing, and it will tell you which pages of the book it is on. The fundamental process is the same.
Search engines basically try to read the whole internet and reduce it into an index so that you can do the same thing you did in your book. When you put the whole internet in an index there are going to be a lot of results! So the search engines differentiate mostly on how they determine what pages to list first. Google became the biggest by creating the best algorithm for determining which pages were most relevant.
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