Germination depends a bit on the plant/seed. Seeds remain dormant until they encounter the right conditions related to light and warmth and moisture.
Once conditions are right, the seed absorbs water around it, causing it to swell up and break through its outer shell.
Then chemistry takes over. It activates enzymes that convert stored nutrients into energy to start growing a special embryonic root, aka radicle.
That root then begins to absorb more water and nutrients. Then a shoot grows upward and develops leaves in the open air, which lets it produce its own food.
Latest Answers