How do sewage systems work, and where does fresh water come from?
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Typically several layers of processing are used. These vary based on the nature of the sewage and the location.
Firstly some large solid removal is needed, which is done by filtration. Usually filtration is assisted by chemicals that cause solids to stick together in larger clumps or centrifugation which is like a whirlpool. large solid waste can also be broken down and dealt with later. Multiple layers of filtration are used.
Next is some biological or chemical treatment. Biological is fairly common, using bacteria that will consume the waste products and clean the water. The chemical option will generally be some chemical that is toxic to microbes like chlorine or ultraviolet light.
Once the required treatment levels are done it is released into the water system or recycled as drinking water.
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