It doesn’t.
It knows your weight and the impedance of your body.
The manufacturer takes a whole bunch of people, puts them on the scale to record those two variables, and then they measure those other values other ways.
Then they do a bunch of math and come up with a set of equations to predict those unmeasured values from the weight and impedance. The accuracy is, in general, awful.
However, if you make sure you only use it in the same hydration state, they are sortof okay to measure changes in body fat percentage.
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