The sounds keep bouncing around in the chamber until they find their way out (the hole in the guitar). Since there is only one way out of the chamber, the soundwaves get aimed in one direction; a person standing in that direction will hear the sound more loudly because the sound is less spread out and more hits them.
It’s like a water hose with an adjustable nozzle, the more narrow you make the stream, the more intense (or loud in the case of sound) the stream will be.
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