As others have responded, it’s a combination of research and prep and creating a cheat sheet for themselves to reference during the game.
Joe Buck (NFL commentator) tweeted out a sample of his [cheat sheet](https://www.thebiglead.com/posts/joe-buck-nfc-championship-note-sheet-packers-49ers-01dyzgf4pzce) for a game. My understanding is that he creates the printed sheet himself and then, in this example, he’s made further notes and adjustments.
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