In the US, most professional level teams publish Media Guides to provide additional information about the franchise, as well as information on all of the players and coaches, to media outlets. It contains statistics on each player, a biography and other helpful information for the broadcasters. That’s a good reference but the broadcasters do have to memorize a lot of information as action (in most sports) occurs quickly. Additionally, player names on uniforms was not really a thing until the 1970’s. They would have to mentally match the number to the name of each player.
Add to that the broadcasters generally are fans of the sport they are broadcasting. They may spend their off hours watching out of town games so when the team they work for plays one of the others, they pick up a lot of information that way as well.
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