Depends on the league.
American football NFL: most revenue comes from selling broadcast/streaming rights l, and merchandise sales. Secondary source is game day revenue: ticket sales, concessions, parking.
Ice hockey NHL: depends on the franchise, but most teams do slightly better than break even during the regular season, mostly from game day revenue. TV rights really aren’t lucrative for NHL. Teams who make the post season do very well, as the players salaries don’t increase and game day revenue skyrockets.
Some teams take in more money (TV deals, tickets, merch & concessions, sponsorships etc) than they pay out (player salaries, staff, travel, facilities, etc). The owners can take that difference as profit. But even if they don’t, many (most?) sports teams increase in value over time. Often by a lot. When the owner then sells the club for much more than they originally paid for it, they make a massive profit – this is why you shouldn’t feel bad for owners whose teams “only break even”.
Some sports like F1 do have prize money but most of the revenue comes from ticket sales, merch sales, television rights, and sponsors. In theory, the better the team you have, the more viewers you have, which makes all of the other revenue streams more valuable. You sell more jerseys, higher ticket prices, sponsors will pay more to sponsor you, and the television deals will be more lucrative.
Six revenue sources.
1: Gate sales (tickets)
2: Concessions (all those people who bought tickets want to eat and drink)
3: Merchandise sales
4: Direct sponsorships (being the official pizzeria of the team)
5: Renting out the stadium for concerts and other events
6: Broadcast rights (TV deal)
6 is by far the largest piece of the revenue pie, but the others can still generate some real money.
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