Railways back then had double, triple, or even quadruple track mainlines, too. Even on single tracked sections or branchlines, there were passing loops either at stations, or not too far from a station, or even in some cases, only one locomotive/train running over the entire stretch at any time. There were signals as far back as the first steam engines were running, too. Head on collisions did happen, but usually due to error on the part of the engineer or signalman.
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