There are many approaches to this, but you see it most in radio telescopes. to collect more energy you need a big device, and so installations like the VLA in New Mexico connect a bunch of antennas together. By adjusting the timing between the dishes you can point them mor precisely than the mechanical pointing.
One reason to have a telescope on Earth and the Moon is that you get stereo vision, like you have with your eyes, at much longer distances. This allows you to see only things that are the right distance. This could be very helpful for work like mapping the asteroid belt.
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