How do thermobaric bombs do damage?
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By exploding, like most other explosive weapons. The only difference between a thermobaric warhead and a conventional high-explosive warhead is that the thermobaric warhead has a slight delay after the initial “detonation” to spread the fuel/explosive into the air. After that delay (when the explosive has been mixed into the air), the warhead ignites the mixture, causing it to explode.
The way thermobaric ordinance works is that instead of being filled with high explosive for a sharp detonation, they are filled with something like gasoline or propane that is aerosolized just before impact and then lit. This results in a detonation that takes longer than a high explosive causing a less extreme but much larger pressure wave. This results in what’s called barotrauma which is when the organs are yanked around and you die due to the internal damage caused by it not by external shrapnel
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