Electric thermometers come in 2 flavors:
Thermistors detect temperature by measuring the change in electrical resistance as the probe’s temperature changes, they’re cheap but not that accurate.
Thermocouples work by butting two dissimilar metals against each other. As the metals heat up, the electrons bounce around at different rates in the two metals. This causes a voltage difference between the two metals; we measure this voltage and convert it into a temperature.
Contactless thermometers work by measuring blackbody radiation. Everything that’s above absolute zero emits infrared radiation which is light at a lower frequency. We use a special camera to measure what color this light is and convert it to temperature.
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