The steel has already been processed once so the formula is, you might say, already built in. But because scrap comes from a number of sources, meaning it might be a mix of types of steel, the formula can be tweeked by introducing additives like nickle, sulfur or carbon just as in the manufacture of the original product from scratch. Impurities like oils and dirt are either burned off or rise to the surface in the form of ‘slag’ that is removed from the crucible before pouring.
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