Hot water and co2 goes into the coffee, caffeine leaks out.
Hot water is used to remove caffeine from one batch of the coffee bean, it’s filtered through charcoal filters, they then take another batch of the coffee and soak it in that filtered bean juice, it keeps the flavour in the coffee but the caffeine moves out of the beans and into the water.
There’s a few more ways but these are the two main ones used.
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