Theoretically, yes but you’d need a pretty powerful microscope.
The conversation about memory on a USB drive however is less about transistors, and more about how flash memory works. A transistor is just a type of circuit that is capable of being in one of two states . Depending on the design of the transistor depends on how it’ll be able to retain that state without electricity. In a flash drive, this is likely a floating gate design which is quite complex. But yes you could see what state it was in, thats kinda the whole point, that it will retain memory even unpowered.
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