Based on your edit, it’s very important to note that on a cosmic scale, it becomes even more difficult to define a specific time.
Special relativity is an area of physics that’s all about reference frames. Not to get too into all the details of it, the bottom line is observers of a specific phenomenon that are in two different reference frames (for example, somebody standing on the surface of a planet and somebody else in a nearby spaceship, accelerating away from it) will end up observing two different things happening with respect to time measurements.
This basically means that your idea of time is tied together to your idea of space and where you are.
So if you’re hoping that there’s some kind of way to, say, “measure time relative to some event” like the big bang, unfortunately everywhere in space there would be disagreement about it.
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