We use [absolutely enormous satellite dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network). Think of how big the satellite dish for satellite TV is. Now imagine one 70m across!
Being so big, the dishes amplify the signal enough that we can communicate with the probe from so far away.
[NASA lets you see what these dishes are talking to](https://eyes.nasa.gov/dsn/dsn.html), looks like it’s listening to Voyager 1 in Canberra right now (VGR1)
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