How do we know Earth’s magnetic fields flip in intervals of 200,000-300,000 years?

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Came across a (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6thUIR3_rI) which describes Earth’s magnetic field having switched hundreds if not thousands of times during Earth’s 4.5 billion years.

So, how do we know thats a fact? What are scientists looking at that helped them determine this?

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The discovery of regular polarity reversals on Earth’s magnetic field was made through geological research and the study of magnetic minerals in rocks. Scientists observed that as lava or molten rock solidified, iron-rich minerals within it aligned with the prevailing magnetic field at the time. By examining rock layers of different ages, they noticed alternating patterns of magnetic alignment, indicating a flip in the Earth’s magnetic polarity over time. This phenomenon, known as geomagnetic polarity reversal, provided crucial evidence that the Earth’s magnetic field changes direction periodically.

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