how do we know electrons have different behaviours depending if they’re being observed or not? What are those behaviours?
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Look into the double slit experiment.
When observed the detection of electron impacts act like they are traveling straight through one of the two slits.
When not observed the impacts form an interference pattern similar to wave interferences.
Keep in mind that for physics/quantum mechanics the term “obervation” doesn’t mean that a person is physically watching the experiment. It means that the physical properties of the items involved are being measured/detected as part of the experiment.
In this case the observation is measuring to determine which of the two slits the electron is going to pass through before it reaches them. Not observing doesn’t measure to determine which slit the electron passes through. Observing to determine which slit the electrons will travel through changes how they behave.
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