Europa is one of Jupiter’s moons and apparently has a “water-ice crust”, “salty ocean of liquid water”, and a “rocky sea floor”. How could we know this much information in great detail from a telescope?
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Spectroscopy is an excellent answer, but to distill the answer down even further for my kids –
It’s got the right colours for an ocean!
It doesn’t look like lava, it doesn’t look like dirt, and it’s white and shiny a bit like ice in winter. But we won’t *really* know for sure until a robot gets there to check for us; we’re only guessing.
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