Recorded history only goes back around 5,000 years, but humans have been around for 200,000 years. Could there have been highly sophisticated ancient societies of which no trace remains?
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The biggest mark against the idea is the lack of physical evidence. Even what seem to us to have been fairy primitive civilizations have left behind pottery, architecture, weapons, art, coinage, and garbage dumps.
Not a whole lot is known for certain, for instance, about the Indus Valley Civilization, Elamites, Minoans, Hittites, Phrygians, Etruscans, or Zapotec civilization (due to their scripts either being undeciphered or them not leaving much writing behind), but it’s not for a lack of artifacts.
Thus, a super advanced civilization, human or otherwise, existing in the past and leaving no physical evidence seems unlikely at best.
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