A golf ball hits you. You know the direction it comes from, the speed when it hits you and the Earth gravity, so you trace back from that direction. You can model that all the way back, but your model will break down when it has to phase through the Earth at velocity. If you see a person at the path, you might conjecture that they caused the golf ball to hit you, but your model cannot tell you how that happened if they thrown it or hit it with a golf club.
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