So it turns out that a changing magnetic field creates a voltage… and also electricity running through a wire creates a magnetic field. So, all you need to charge your device is to create a changing magnetic field, which is easy because you can do that by changing the current you run through the wires in your wireless charger.
When you move current through coils. You generate magnetic field in the direction normal to the coils. If you alternate this current (positive to negative) the field will also alternate.
When you move alternating magnetic field across a coils. Current is generated.
Thus getting a wire -> air -> wire transmission of electrical energy.
They look like [this](https://www.amazon.com/Wireless-Charging-Receiver-Module/s?k=Wireless+Charging+Receiver+Module). There’s a similar coil in the charger itself. NFC devices and EZPass work on the same principal. When you drive through a toll booth or touch a card to a terminal an electric field powers a transmitter that broadcasts a unique ID number.
Look up induction
electricity flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field (think like a shockwave from a fighter jet, except an infinite queue of fighters jets follow eachother. The analgoy is not perfect but it’s to visualize). Now if we make a coil qith the wire, the magnetic field gles theough the coil and “circles around” from one tip to the other. If during this circling, the magnetic field goes through another coil, a currenr is generated in the second coil proportional to the variation of magnetic field (constant current=no variation=no generated current in second coil. Alternative current=variation= current generated)
TL;DR: Your phone contains a coil that “grabs” the magnetic field and creates a current by a phenomenon called induction
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