It seems like an arcane process to me TBH.
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It depends on the jurisdiction. In some places, judges are directly elected by the voters. In others, they are appointed by someone in the government (mayor, governor, etc.) or by the current group of judges. Some places have a hybrid system where judges are initially appointed but must occasionally stand for a “retention election” so that voters can theoretically kick out judges they don’t like.
In practice, people rarely become judges by applying to a job posting or running a (public) campaign. Judges are selected from the attorneys who work in the same courthouse. There’s no formal career path. You just impress the people who make the decision and signal your desire to also be a judge.
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