‘Shorting’ some asset is to take a position that the value of that asset will fall, typically within a short period. For currencies, there are broadly (ELI5) two ways to do this.
1) Purchase a futures contract. Essentially that is a promise today that at some agreed upon time in the future, you will agree to exchange a certain currency for another currency at a certain exchange rate.
2) Borrow in the currency that you expect will fall in value, convert it to a foreign currency. For example, borrow 1 million pounds today, exchange it for 1.08 million USD. If the pound falls, then the value of that USD when converted back to GBP will net more than 1million pounds.
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