I think i heard, that they are hydraulic, but how does the gearbox “know” when to shift and how does it change gears?
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When you have a weight on a spring centered around a spinning rod, the faster the rod spins the further out the weight will swing. This is the simple mechanics behind the hydraulics system ‘knowing’ how fast the engine is spinning, which (either with a simple computer or with distance activated hydraulics being pushed by aforementioned spinning weight) the automatic gearshift uses to determine which gear ratio to shift to.
From that point it functions relatively similar to any other gearshift: when the engine is spinning too fast or slow for the wheels to get useful torque, the gear ratio changes into one that transfers a better engine speed/wheel speed ratio.
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