The basics are that it uses an extremely large amount of energy to accelerate atomic particles using a very strong magnetic field. It accelerates these until they are as close to the speed of light that they can and then slam them together and using other very expensive equipment, see what new particles have been created by the collision.
I am not sure it is feasible for you to build even a rudimentary particle accelerator if you have no knowledge of how one works. Or have billions of dollars laying around.
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