how does a metal foil polarized capacitors perform the way that we would expect mathematically and why would wiring it reverse make them explode?

Question

From my understanding, a fully charged capacitor stops the flow of current. This confuses me because the design appears to be a continuous path for the electricity to flow. Is there a disconnect that is just not shown on diagrams?

Next, looking at a diagram of the construction it appears that the structure is identical for the negative and positive connection. So why would wiring one incorrectly make the capacitor explode?

In: Engineering