The cell phone tower will issue each phone with a time slot and frequency when it is allowed to transmitt and when to receive. When the phone is in standby the time slots will be very small and far between. But when the phone starts using data or a phone call is made the time slots become longer and more frequent to allow for higher bandwidth. The cell tower will make sure that no two phones are given the same time slot on the same frequency if they are close enough to interfere with each other. This often requires cooperation with other nearby cell towers.
Your phone is only in contact with the cell tower, and its always in contact with a cell tower.
When you’re not using it there are just a few packets that go back and forth, but when you get a call your phone starts sending and receiving packets more regularly. When you get a second call the cell tower sends some packets that say “yo, you got another call coming in!”. The whole time the phone is just talking to the single cell tower, its not getting a second set of signals for the second call.
This is different from walkie talkies which broadcast and receive from anything talking on their frequency. Since it is looking at radio signals rather than packets transmitted via the radio it gets noised up if two walkie talkies in range start transmitting different messages. Your phone is dealing with packets and it does get all the packets that get sent through the air but it throws away any that aren’t addressed to it so you end up with a much clearer call.
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