you go to a bank and ask them to help you go public. They get small % of the money you raise, so they will take care of technicalities.
Bank can refuse if they do not believe you will be able to raise enough money, i.e. if few people will want to invest into your company.
People want to invest into a company if they believe its stock will grow, which is supposed to represent belief in future profits. If your company does not make a profit now, at least it needs to have millions of user that could be monetized later, or drilling rights for a large oilfield, or something that will help you make profit in the future.
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