It’s not just a needle poking holes through, that’s about half of what it does. It also has a hook from the underside. The needle punches through and drags a piece of thread through the farbic, then it pulls back up from the same hole, pulling the same thread along but just before the thread is pulled out of the hole, a hook catches it and drags it forward, where when the needle goes through again, it will essentially pass the thread through the loop from the previous stroke. They’re actually very impressive machines because they do this actions very fast and purely mechanically, as they have been doing for well over 200 years.
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